Internal combustion engine



June 2@, W33. H @5555 33145499 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Nov. 14,1929 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Flql INVENTOR ATTORNEY June 2% @330 J. H. GEESSEINTERNAL QOMBUSTIIIONv ENGINE Filed Nov. 14 1929 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 FI ZINVENTOR ATTR/(EV Patented June 20, 1933) PATENT OFFIQE JOHN HARLINGEISSE, OF MADISON, WISCONSIN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Applicationfiled November 14, 1929. Serial N 0. 407,090.

(GRANTED UNDER THE ACT OF MARCH 3, 1883, AS AMENDED APRIL 30, 1928; 3700. G. 757) My invention relates broadly to an in-' ternal combustionengine and more particularly to an air-cooled engine.

Tests of conventional air-cooled radial engines have revealed that thehead resistance of such engines is extremely high, requiring even in awell designed engine an expenditure of of the power output to overcomeit at a plane speed of 100 miles per hour. 13 At higher plane speeds theresistance increases and still more of the power is used in pro pellingthe engine through the air. A considerable portion of this headresistance is due to the overhead valve mechanism.

It is an object of my invention to decrease this head resistance to aminimum. This is accomplished by providing a radial engine having T headcylinders with the valve chambers below the top of the piston when 39the latter is at the top of its stroke. This not only eliminates theoverhead valve mechanism but also shortens the cylinder and pro-- videsa more or less eliptical shape at the top which offers less resistancethan does a true cylindrical shape having-the same frontal area.

In the conventional type of radial aircraft engine, push rods and rockerarms are required to operate the valves. These parts 33 are practicallythe only parts needing lubrication Whiclrcan not be readily lubricatedby the main lubrication system. Therefore it has been necessary tolubricate these parts manually. The push rod ends are difiicult tolubricate and have been a source of trouble. By the use of a T headcylinder these elements are eliminated entirely. p

p In most of the overhead valve engines the valves have been placed sideby side with respect to the air stream for construction reasons. Thisarrangement does not provide any better cooling air conditions for theexhaust than for the intake and the exhaust side of the head operates ata temperature considerably greater than that of the intake. The exhaustvalve in an engine constructed in accordance with my plan is'placed'atthe front of the cylinder, in the air stream, where 1 it gets the bestcooling conditions. With the above and other objects in View theinvention consists in the construction,

combination and arrangement of parts as will be descrlbcd more fullyhereinafter.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part. ofthis specification, wherein like reference characters indicatecorresponding parts throughout the several views,and wherein F1gure 1 isa cross section through an enginie cylinder in the plane of thecrankshaft, an

Figure 2 is a cross sectional View taken on a line at right angles tothe view shown in Figure 1. Referring moreparticularly to the drawlngs,1 indicates the crankcase of an internal combustion engine and 2 thecrankshaft thereof. Movement is imparted to the crankshaft by piston 3in the usual manner through connecting rod 4. The piston is operable 1ncylinder 5 and bears on liner 6 therein, the liner extending to thecylinder head 7 on the thrust and anti-thrust sides of the piston as at6a. The liner is shrunk in the cylinder which is made as short asmanufactun ing tolerances on the piston head and cylinder head willpermit. Valve chambers 8 extend laterally from the cylinder at its topand communicate therewith through the openings formed by the shorterlength of the liner. To provide the combustion chamber volume requiredto secure the .desired compression ratio, the valve seats 9 are placedin the chambers below the top of the piston when the latter is at thetop of its stroke. The valves, seating on seats 9,'aredesignated 10 forthe intake and 11 for the exhaust, and are operated by cams 12 throughcam followers 13. The mechanism for operating the cams is notillustrated as it does not form a part of the present invention. In thearrangement of valves with respect to the cylinder, the

mally operate at a temperature considerably higher than that of theintake side.

It will be understood that the above description and accompanyingdrawings comprehend only the general and preferred embodiment of myinvention and that various minor changes in details of construction,proportion and arrangement of parts may be made Within the scope of theappended claims and Without sacrificing any of the advantages of myinvention.

The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or forthe Government of the United States for governmental purposes Withoutthe payment to me of. any royalty thereon.

Vhat I claim is:

1. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a piston operabletherein, and a bearing surface in the cylinder for the piston, saidbearing surface extending higher on the thrust and anti-thrust sidesthan it does on the other two sides.

2. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a piston operabletherein, and a liner within the cylinder, said liner extending higher ontwo portions than on the other two portions.

3. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a piston operabletherein, and a liner within the cylinder, said liner extending higher ontwo opposed portions than on the other two opposed portions.

JOHN HARLIN GEISSE.

